Metamorphism does not include, by definition, similar processes that occur near the earths surface such as weathering, cementation and diagenesis. In complete metamorphosis, a larva completely changes its body plan to become an adult. Temperature and pressure are important factors in determining the new minerals that form in a metamorphic rock. Jul 26, 2019 insects may undergo gradual metamorphosis, in which the transformation is subtle, or they can undergo a complete metamorphosis, in which each stage of the life cycle has a distinctly different appearance from the one before and the one after the current stageor they can experience something in between. Lecture notes petrology earth, atmospheric, and planetary. Lecture notes metamorphism introduction metamorphism is a change of form that includes the growth of new minerals, typically in response to a rise in temperature and normally without the involvement of a magma. Regional metamorphism contact metamorphism hydrothermal metamorphism regional metamorphism is caused when high temperature and. Contact metamorphism two types of contact metamorphism are recognized. Winter 2010 an introduction to igneous and metamorphic petrology. Transient stresses may locally produce a fabric like that in cohesive flow. The type and intensity of the metamorphism, and width of the metamorphic aureole will depend on a number of factors, including the type of country rock, the temperature of the intruding body and the size of the body figure 7. The various types of foliated metamorphic rocks, listed in order of the grade or intensity of metamorphism and the type of foliation are slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss figure 7. Metamorphism is a process of mineral assemblage and texture variation that results from the physicalchemical changes of solid rocks, caused by factors such as crust movement, magma activity, or thermal fluid change in the earth.
Main types of metamorphism regional metamorphism is a type of metamorphism which occu rs over an area of wide extent, that is, affecting a large rock vo lume, and is associated with largescale tectonic processes, such. Regional metamorphism most metamorphic rocks occur in fold mountain belts or cratonic areas. Metamorphism is typically as sociated with elevated temperature and pressure. Along which type of tectonic boundary will greenschists and blueschist form yes, because such features can withstand low temperatures and pressures but will be destroyed in higher metamorphic grades. He needed only to push himself up a little, and it fell by itself. Metamorphism, mineralogical and structural adjustments of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions differing from those under which the rocks originally formed. The older rocks may be either sedimentary, igneous or other metamorphic rocks. Definition, limits and types of metamorphism springerlink skip to main content. Dynamic metamorphism occurs at relatively low temperatures compared to other types of metamorphism, and consists predominantly of the physical changes that happen to a rock experiencing shear stress.
Igneous rocks formed at relatively high temperatures of approx imately 650 to 1200c and sediments deposited at the. There are other conditions t hat form metamorphic rocks. Products are coesite and stihovite hydrothermal metamorphism in. Meta t change, morph form, so metamorphism means to change form. Polymetamorphism is a metamorphism resulting from more than one metamorphic event fig. Contact metamorphism also called thermal metamorphism is the process by which the country rock that surrounds a hot magma intrusion is metamorphosed by the high heat flow coming from the intrusion. Caineng zou, in unconventional petroleum geology, 20. Any type of magma body can lead to contact metamorphism, from a thin dyke to a large stock. Including explanation of contact and regional metamorphism and the conditions in which they. The approximate location of the pelitic zones of barrovian metamorphism are included for comparison. As pressures and temperatures change, a mineral reaches the edge of its stability field and breaks down to form new minerals that are stable in the new pressure. Types, grade and facies of metamorphism 5btypes of.
Sep 23, 2016 metamorphism and types of metamorphism 1. The nature and models of metamorphism springerlink. As per wikipedia, metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. Regional metamorphism is a type of metamorphism which occu rs over an area of wide extent, that is, affecting a large rock vo lume, and is associated with largescale tectonic processes, such as oceanfloor spreading, crustal thickening related to plate collision, deep basin subsidence, etc. Metamorphism is typically associated with elevated temperature, pressure and shearing stress at considerable depth thus it affects rocks within the earths crust and mantle. Metamorphism produced with increasing pressure and temperature conditions is known as prograde metamorphism. Ultrahighpressure metamorphism refers to metamorphic processes at pressures high enough to stabilize coesite, the highpressure polymorph of sio 2. The different rock types produced by dynamic metamorphism vary with depth from the surface as, with increasing depth, both the surrounding pressure and temperature increase. Process of mineralogical and structural textural changes of rocks in the solid state in response to physical and chemical conditions which differ from those under which they originated. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The dashed and black layers on the right represent the basaltic and gabbroic layers of the oceanic crust. It discusses the tectonic and magmatic processes as the reason of metamorphism, and the geological types of metamorphism, wh. If the temperature of metamorphism is high enough for partial melting of the rock to occur, the changes would still be called metamorphism until the melt is separated from its.
Retrograde metamorphism as temperature and pressure fall due to erosion of overlying rock or due to tectonic uplift, one might expect metamorphism to a follow a reverse path and eventually return the rocks to their original unmetamorphosed state. Although metamorphic rocks are forming today, it is difficult to see. Based on setting 1 contact metamorphism 2 regional metamorphism orogenic metamorphism, burial metamorphism, ocean floor metamorphism 3 faultzone metamorphism 4 impact or shock metamorphism. The huge forces that move continents stretch and squash parts of the earths crust. As already noted, slate is formed from the lowgrade metamorphism of shale, and has microscopic clay and mica crystals that have grown perpendicular to the stress. Pdf introducing metamorphism download full pdf book. There is a wide range of conditions in temperature and pressure that produce a wide range of metamorphic rock types. Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture distinct arrangement of minerals in preexisting rocks, without the protolith melting into liquid magma a solidstate change. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
The most important agents of metamorphism include temperature, pressure, and fluids. Metamorphic petrology 4 pelites the akfm system continuous and discontinuous reactions. Can parent rock features such as sedimentary structures and fossils survive lowgrade metamorphism. Identify how the textures of metamorphic rocks reflect the. Factors controlling metamorphism a quartz sandstone, for example, will metamorphose into a rock that contains a high percentage of silica.
Section 1 metamorphic rock type and tectonic setting. Protolith can be any type of rock and sometimes the changes in texture and mineralogy are so dramatic that is difficult to distinguish what the. Metamorphic petrology 3 metamorphism of pelitic rocks minerals and isograds. Metamorphism, metamorphic processes and mineral transformations in rocks at elevated temperatures and pressures are fundamentally associated with chemical reactions in rocks. Burial metamorphism is a special type of low grade metamorphism with low temperatures and pressures.
For example, all of the foliated rocks fall into this metamorphic category and some nonfoliated rocks as well. Its the first thing you learn in a geology class very briefly the three types of rocks are igneous they form from the cooling of magma deep inside the earth. These rocks were typically exposed to tectonic forces and associated high pressures and temperatures. They are usually foliated and deformed and thought to be remnants of ancient mountain ranges. Metamorphism is a geological process that changes the mineralogical and chemical composition, as well as the structure of rocks. Metamorphic rock is formed by heat and pressure from other rocks. Metamorphism is a process of mineral assemblage and texture variation that results from the physicalchemical changes of solid rocks, caused by factors. Evolution in the understanding of mineral transformations and concept of metamorphic. There are several different types of metamorphism, including dynamic, contact, regional, and retrogressive metamorphism, that form and shape rocks. Restate how metamorphic rocks relate to the two other rock groups sedimentary and igneous. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Top 6 types of metamorphism geology your article library. Since only a small area surrounding the intrusion is heated by the magma, metamorphism is restricted to the zone surrounding the intrusion.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. The definition given below follows that given by the jugs subcommission on the systematics of metamorphic rocks. Entomologists classify insects into three groups based on the type of metamorphosis they. Changes produced by surface conditions such as compaction are usually excluded. The chemical components and crystal structures of the minerals making up the rock may change even. Shock or impact metamorphism occurs in bodies of rock subjected to meteorite impact. Some types of metamorphism are characteristic of specific plate tectonic settings, but others are not. Jan 04, 2016 types of metamorphism, texture, structure of metamorphic rocks slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Contact metamorphism is the name given to the changes that take place when magma is injected into the surrounding solid rock country rock. The protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.
The most famous example is that of the butterfly, which starts out as a wormlike, leafeating caterpillar and transforms into a. The mineralogical and structural adjustment of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions that have. Request pdf definition, conditions and types of metamorphism rock metamorphism is a geological process that changes the mineralogical and chemical composition, as well as the structure of rocks. Metamorphic petrology 2 metamorphic facies heat flow and heat production in crust. He discusses the role of water in metamorphism and describes the different types of metamorphic processes including contact, shock and high pressure metamorphism and metamorphism in an orogenic belt. Metamorphosis is a process by which animals undergo extreme, rapid physical changes some time after birth. The mineralogical and structural adjustment of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions that have been imposed at depths below the near surface zones of weathering and diagenesis and which differ from conditions under which the rocks in question originated. The change occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids. Moon no atmosphere so lots of meteorite impacts micro and macro.
Most metamorphic rocks are the result of regional metamorphism. In geology the term is used to refer to a solidstate recrystallization of earlier igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. If the temperature of metamorphism is high enough for partial melting of the rock to occur, the. This video deals with the basics of metamorphism and types of metamorphism 1. Contact metamorphism regional metamorphism sensu lato. Definition, conditions and types of metamorphism request pdf. The products of this type of metamorphism is mylonite. Describe how metamorphic rocks are produced by the action of heat, pressure, and fluids on preexisting parent rocks over the course of time. Nelson metamorphism and metamorphic rocks definition of metamorphism the word metamorphism comes from the greek. Dynamic metamorphism is the result of very high shear stress, such as occurs along fault zones. The driving force is the pressure and concentration gradients between the infiltrating and rockpore solutions. Orogenic metamorphism is the type of metamorphism associated with convergent plate margins dynamothermal.
It is important because the processes that form and exhume ultrahighpressure uhp metamorphic rocks may strongly affect plate tectonics, the composition and evolution of earths crust. Metamorphosis definition, types and examples biology. They cause rocks near the surface to be fractured and faulted. Different minerals form under different pressure and temperature conditions. Contact metamorphism a contact metamorphic rock made of interlayered calcite and serpentinefrom the precambrian of canada. Ian sanders explains how and why rocks change during metamorphic processes. Schematic model for the sequential a c development of a cordilleran type or active continental margin orogen. To determine the processes underlying metamorphism, they rely heavily on statistical mechanics and experimental petrology. Chernicoff and whitney 2002 many rocks produced by baking are hard and finegrained with a porcelainlike texture. What are the three main types of metamorphism compare and. Chemical recrystallisation includes changes in composition, growth of new minerals, recrystallisation and changes in pore fluid.
Most metamorphic rocks are the result of regional metamorphism also called dynamothermal metamorphism. Bevins re, robinson d 1988 low grade metamorphism of the welsh basin lower paleozoic succession. Recognize the different types of metamorphism, the processes that cause them, and the environments in which they occur. Copiously illustrated and written for those who wish to gain a clear understanding of metamorphic processes, introducing metamorphism is designed. This book presents the genetic connections of metamorphism and geodynamics. But to continue was difficult, particularly because he was so unusually wide. The metamorphism comprises recrystallization, metamorphic crystallization, deformation, fragmentation, and alternation. The type and intensity of the metamorphism, and width of the metamorphic aureole that develops around the magma body, will depend on a number of factors, including the type of country rock, the temperature of the intruding body, the size of the body, and the volatile compounds within the body figure 10. Metamorphism the process of changes in preexisting rocks topic 2. Orogenic metamorphism burial metamorphism oceanfloor metamorphism orogenic metamorphism this type of metamorphism is associated with convergent plate margins.
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. Regional metamorphism is a type of metamorphism which occurs over an area of wide extent, that is, affecting a. The zone of metamorphism that surrounds the intrusion is called the halo or aureole and rarely extends more than 100 meters into the country rock. Introducing metamorphism pdf download download pdf. Monometamorphism is a metamorphism resulting from one metamorphic event fig. Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks tulane university. Recognize the different types of metamorphism, the processes. Typical mineral changes that take place in metabasic rocks during progressive metamorphism in the medium pt facies series. The metamorphosis occupational illness of commercial travelers, of that he had not the slightest doubt. At greater depth, the heat and pressure involved can cause folding andor metamorphism. Introducing metamorphism provides a succinct introduction to metamorphism. Insects may undergo gradual metamorphosis, in which the transformation is subtle, or they can undergo a complete metamorphosis, in which each stage of the life cycle has a distinctly different appearance from the one before and the one after the current stageor they can experience something in between. Infiltrational metasomatism is a type of metasomatism that takes place by the transfer of material in solution, infiltrating through the host rocks.